Author: Major Henry RaynePublished: 1938Pages: 10Language: English

Author: Waaberi Daahir Language: Somali Date: 2024The titles used by Somali traditional leaders, such as Suldaan, Geraad, Ugaas, Gendaha, Malaaq, etc., trace their origins back to the Islamic sultanates that existed among the Somalis before the European colonial era. This brief article explores the origins and history of the authoritative titles used by Somali clans today.

Recent developments in Somalia have been a source of  anxiety and pain to all Somalis, wherever they may be. Our  future is uncertain and bleak. As an independent nation we have collectively failed to establish a political system which could have guaranteed the fundamental right to existence. We have miserably failed to fulfil the basic needs of our people. Perhaps, we devoted too much of our attention and resources to overcoming the disabilities, problems and disputes which we inherited from our colonial masters and which, naturally, led us to involvement in external struggle, giving us no time to consolidate the gains of our national freedom by creating and development the institutions without which no nation in modern times can survive.The civil war which is now raging in the country should open our eyes. If we are to learn anything from this event—which has been appropriately described as “a human disaster of the first magnitude”—it must be that we sink our differences and start afresh. If necessary, we should not shy away from accepting advice and the good offices of the United Nations, the O.A.U. (Organization of African Unity), the Arab League, and friendly countries, to put an end to the genocidal conflict which we have been waging uponourselves.The world is aghast at the macabre dance being played out in Somalia. Our friends are worried about our continued ability to survive as a nation. But we still seem to be oblivious to the threat.

This study presents a reconstruction of the origins and major movements of the Galla and Somali of Northeast Africa which departs from most of the previous literature on the subject. The traditional view has been that the Galla occupied most of the Horn of Africa until the Somali, beginning about the tenth century, swept south and south-west from the shores of the Gulf of Aden driving the Galla before them. The pressure of the Somali has also been considered the major impetus to the Galla invasions of Ethiopia in the sixteenth century. It is the thesis of this paper that both the Galla and the Somali originated in southern Ethiopia, that the Somali expanded to the east and north much earlier than the Galla, and that the Galla lived only in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya until their migrations began about 1530.

The document provides background information on Somali students in Minnesota, including a history of Somalia, Somali culture, and the experiences of Somali refugees. It summarizes that Somalia has experienced a long history of colonialism, civil war, and unrest that has led hundreds of thousands of Somalis to flee to refugee camps. Many Somali refugees have resettled in Minnesota, which now has one of the largest Somali populations in the US. The document outlines aspects of Somali culture like their Muslim religion, language, dress, food, and holidays to help educators understand their students' experiences and backgrounds.

Author(s): Tesfaye HailuLanguage: French Pages: 20Year: 2000

Author(s): Abbebe KifleyesusLanguage: English Pages: 10Year: 2016

"HE beginning of October 1903, found our caravan hustling along the Abyssinian boundary towards Jiffa Medir, where my companion and I were to meet an akil, or native chief, detailed by the Consul at Zeila to guide us through the Gadabrusi country. This lies on the Anglo-Abyssinian border, and is partly under the nominal rule of Abyssinia. It was with somewhat mixed feelings that we heard the Sultan or King of this wild country was going to accord us a reception, for on a previous occasion his welcome to a European expedition had been too warm for the health of the party, and resulted in several casualties. We had been warned that he did net love the Feringi (white man), and therefore thought it better to send a messenger ahead to interview His Majesty and return with a confidential report on the situation, for we did not consider our small armament lighted for us to visit his country."